Is Overpopulation the Main Cause of Child Labour

Is Overpopulation the Main Cause of Child Labour? Child labour refers to the employment of children to benefit their family financial situation where they are exploited to danger and hazard. It may interfere with their education and hamper the children physically, mentally, spiritually or morally. Children exposed to child labour since young can be distorted or disabled due to carrying heavy loads or forced into unnatural positions at work for long hours. Many say that the main cause of child labour is overpopulation.Though I agree that overpopulation is one of the important causes of child labour, but I think that it is not the main cause of it. According to a report from UNICEF in 2010, an estimate number of 158 million children are engaged in child labour and this is about 17% of the total number of children and according to International Labour Organization, it has increased to 215 million currently. Over the years, researchers have provided sufficient evidences that a large popu larity of child labour occurs in developing countries.Majority of it happens mostly in the rural of Asian and African countries and they are mostly victims of scarce resources for example food supply and water. However, child labour is also common in some developed countries, for example in the United States, more than 230,000 children work in agriculture. Reported by Edmonds and Pavcnik, 85% of working children are employed for doing works related to the agriculture. Countries where child labour has become a common practice include Bangladesh, Tanzania, Myanmar, Yemen, India and many more.Below is a case of child labour in Bangladesh: â€Å"Mohammad Faisal Hossain is a twelve-year-old boy who works to support his family. To meet their needs, he holds down two jobs on the packed roads of the Bangladesh capital, Dhaka: selling newspapers in the early morning and working as a helping hand on a small minibus. Every morning, Mohammad collects newspapers from the retailer and weaves his way through the crowded railway stations and bus stops. On an average day, he earns 70 to 80 taka, less than US$1, at this job. His second job takes up most of his time until evening.On the minibus, he shouts out the vehicles’ destination to potential passengers and collects fares from each rider. At this job, Mohammad worries for his safety. His wish is to go to school everyday like other children but his mother, whose once a maid servant but left after she fell sick, couldn’t afford sending him to school after fifth grade. At this crucial moment between death and survival, his father left them behind which made them even more helpless and he has no other option but to work. † — reported by UNICEF — Causes of Child Labour Cases of child labour are mostly found in families who are suffering from poverty.Poorer families are usually overpopulated and they have more children and family members to feed and to take care of. In addition to these, they ha ve limited resources of food supply and other basic necessities essential for living as they can’t afford anything more. These factors have driven children to work so that their financial situation at home will improve. Exposed to harms, abuses and exploits, the children are deprived from their education. Overpopulation in an area will also cause the demand of resources like food supply to increase and therefore, people will compete for the available resources.This means that the poorer families will have less access to it. However, personally, I think that overpopulation is not the main cause of child labour. Poverty is the primary cause of child labour. Poverty leads to many other factors which force children into labour. Despite the fact that the parents know that child labour is incorrect, they are forced to choose this as the other option will be worse, for instance, without sufficient money for the basic needs of life, people will become malnourished and infected with d ieaseas which will eventually cause death.Besides that, poorer families tend to be less educated. The illiteracy of parents will cause them to neglect the physical and emotional development of a child as they do not realize the importance of one’s education and the effect of it they have on their future. Due to their illiteracy, the grown-ups are finding it difficult to find jobs that can provide them enough income to support their family. Now in the 21st century, most of the well-paid jobs are to be done with the help of advanced technology and it is expected that their employees have knowledge of how to use a computer.Thus, it is expected that the poorer ones has less chance to be employed as they don’t even know how to read or write, is it not? The increase in unemployments of the adults has caused the children to become the source of income. Children tend to work in factories because employers find it more profitable to employ children as they cost less and can ext ract more work. This problem has been known and throughout the years, much aid has been gathered to help increase the employment rate in rural areas.Governments and communities have been struggling hard to try find ways to bridge the digital divide as this may be the first step in help eradicating poverty. However, in my opinion, I think that the main culprit of the practice of child labour is the government. The ignorance of corrupted governments have caused cases of child labour to increase at a fast pace. It is the only right thing that the governments make sure that their people are not suffering from the lack of basic needs.They are the ones responsible for the countries affairs and they need to take actions to eradicate poverty in the country as fast as possible for example implementing new laws or enforcing existing laws to ban the employment of certain age. Here is a case where child labour is being ignored: An underage farm worker, Molefe Mogale, 14, was working on a farm i n Rustenburg when his hand was chopped off while operating a machine. He died in hospital a day later, on 26 July, Phetoe said. â€Å"So far only a case [of murder and child labour] is opened and nothing further is done.No arrest, no prosecution†¦ because the case was opened by the farmer we were told that they will not charge him. † — reported by Times Live –Effects of Child Labour Child labour deprives children of a proper childhood. They do not complete their development all roundly and this may lead to many psychological imbalances. When they grow up, the child labourers remains uneducated which means that they will be unable to find a good job. Hence, they become incapable of taking care their own family which means they need to make the later generation to work and thus, the history repeats itself.The uneducated of the child labourers will condemn them to a life of unskilled and badly paid work and this perpetuates poverty. Also, children who never ha ve the chance to enjoy the fun of their childhood are expected to reach mental and emotional maturity at a very early age. This is highly dangerous as these children will start displaying adult behaviors such as smoking and taking drugs. Employers are now taking the liking towards employing children as they are often paid much less than adults. These causes the unemployments of adults increase and thus, more families will force their children to work.Child labour also has impacts on the economy of the country. Despite the fact that child labour will not have evident impact when their young, but we all know that the future of our world lies in the hands of the the earlier generation. Possible Scenarios As I have mentioned above, I strongly disagree that overpopulation is the main cause of child labour. Poverty causes overpopulation and the ignorance of the corrupted government are the ones to blame for not putting enough effort to eradicate poverty. Corrupt Governments ?Continuation of Poverty ? Overpopulated Families ? Child Labour The children now are the future leaders of this place and if child labour is not stopped, it means that our world will be ? lled with more uneducated people. This will bring much problems as there will be many vacancies for the o? ce jobs in developed countries because not many of them are capable for the jobs. When people of the country has a lower income, it means that the total income of the country will also fall. Then, the global market will be a? ected.The gap between the rich and the poor will be even harder to bridge and it will be an eternal struggle for the government to eradicate poverty in their country. People around the world will face problem getting access to the services and products in rural countries when the unemployment rate increases. Many businesses that required special skills will not be able to have the jobs ? lled and eventually fall into bankruptcy. Businesses like manufacturing factories and farming will be cramped with people as they are the only job that the people are capable of doing because they do not require much skills.However, the employers will not be able to employ everybody in that area and the many more people will remain unemployed. Child labour will also cause harm to the countries’ nations. It can bring harm to our society. The children who are not brought up in the right way will not know that stealing is immoral and in order to survive, they will steal things from others. A recent case shows that a 10 year old kid was beaten to death because the innocent kid was slow at things. Imagine that you are the parent of the child, how will you react?They will react rashly and harshly towards the loss of their child and cause unsettlement and turmoil around the society. As more families face the same thing, the problem will get bigger and the whole country will be a? ected, forcing the government to take actions. What Should Be Done To Stop Child Labour? In my opini on, the government bears the most responsibility to stop child labour. Throughout the years, many di? erent laws have been implemented to ban the abuse of children and so on. Below are some examples of laws implemented to overcome the issue: 1919: The Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (No. ) prohibited the work of children under the age of 14 in industrial establishments. 1930: The ILO Forced Labour Convention (No. 29) protected children from forced or compulsory labour, such as victims of tra? cking, children in bondage, like Iqbal, and those exploited by prostitution and pornography. 1999: ILO unanimously adopted the Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182). It called for States to prevent the most damaging child exploitation practices or the worst forms that currently exist.Besides that Declaration of the Right of the Child is issued, stating a few important rules to help protect the chi ldren against unfair treatment and the protect their rights to have access to certain things like education. Declaration of the Rights of Child 1. All children have the right to what follows, no matter what their race, colour sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, or where they were born or who they were born to. 2. You have the special right to grow up and to develop physically and spiritually in a healthy and normal way, free and with dignity. . You have a right to a name and to be a member of a country. 4. You have a right to special care and protection and to good food, housing and medical services. 5. You have the right to special care if handicapped in any way. 6. You have the right to love and understanding, preferably from parents and family, but from the government where these cannot help. 7. You have the right to go to school for free, to play, and to have an equal chance to develop yourself and to learn to be responsible and useful. 8. You have the right alw ays to be among the ? st to get help. 9. You have the right to be protected against cruel acts or exploitation, e. g. you shall not be obliged to do work which hinders your development both physically and mentally. 10. You should be taught peace, understanding, tolerance and friendship among all people. The enforcement of existing laws is very important because there will not be e? ective if they are not enforced. There is one Chinese idiom that says: â€Å"Give a man a ? sh and you feed him for a day. Teach a man how to ? sh and you feed him for life. I think that the government or communities should organize vocational education and training for older child labourers so that they have better skills which means a better job in the future. Besides the implementation of new laws and enforcing the existing laws, in papers prepared for the 1997 International Conference on Child Labour, it was revealed that child labour can best be combated through providing better access to education, raising social awareness and so on. According to UNICEF, for every year of quality education that a child receives, their adult earning potential increases by a worldwide average of 10%.Governments in several countries have tried to make the enrollment of school compulsory and free of charge. This is accomplished by collecting funds and reducing the use of money on less important things. This method has been proven successful in Malawi in the year of 1994 when the government made primary education free. Research stated than from one academic year to the next, enrollment has increased by roughly 50%. However, I believe that stopping child labour is not only the responsibility of the governments. The society needs to contribute too as we are all living as one.I think that ? rstly, we need to be aware of what is happening to them and we can do this by observing the World Day Against Child Labour every year on June 12. We can start by spreading the words around and maybe start a commun ity in our society to unite against the problems by collecting funds to aid poorer families so that they can a? ord sending their children to school, gather old and unused items from people to donate to them so that they can spend their money on something else, organize campaigns to build rehabilitation and vocational centers to teach them special skills, and so on.Above are some of the basic things that we can do to help but to make things more e? ective, we can write to companies that use child labour and demand that they stop, contact Foreign A? airs, Industry, Trade and Labour Ministers to demand that trade be tied to human, children and labour rights, lobby the government to make education for all children a top priority, etc. We can all make a di? erence and anything will be possible if we put much e? ort into it. Small things that we do can make a great di? erence even only by spreading words about the e? ects and great impacts of child labour.In 2006, the International Labou r Organization published a report called The End of Child Labour:Within Reach. There was one very special fact noted in this report: â€Å"Today, there are 28 million fewer child labourers than there were four years ago! This means that the work you are doing—we are all doing—to stop child labour is truly creating positive change. But there is still much more to be done. † Global Views People have come around to know about this serious issue of child labour. Many communities and organizations have contributed much to help reduce and if possible, stop the practice of child labour as it brings bad e? cts tot he child and the people of the country. The best way to help raising awareness is to have celebrities to spread the word. This will be the most e? ective way as people from all around the world can hear them. Several presidents of some countries, including the ex-president of England – Tony Blair, have join hands with communities such as Global March to help keep the rights of the children. In my opinion, I believe that aid need to be provided with them urgently. I think that every children in this world have rights to receive equal opportunity of education and survival hances. It is unfair that the children have to pay the price of the consequences of poverty when they didn’t even do anything to cause it. Some people might think that it is none of their business as long as they are safe under the roof and has a great future laid beneath them, but they do not know that the continuation of child labour will eventually cause harm to the community and the country. Some of the child labourers even commented that being put in jail is better than their current life because they are fed and sheltered while in jail.The most basic things that we can do to help is to organize trips to slump-down areas to bring a little joy back to their life and to teach them special skills that might be useful to them in the future. International Vi ews: 1. â€Å"When you produce a bullet, you commit another sin against mankind, but when you make a toy or a book you bring hope and smile to a child. † — Kailash Satyarthi –International Coordinator of the Global March, Manila 23 January, 1998. 2. â€Å"†¦ 180 million kids are engaged in the worst forms of child labour. Put it all together and it is not only morally unacceptable, but politically dangerous. — Juan Samavia –3. â€Å"Child labor and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labor of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labor to the end of time. † — Grace Abbott –4. â€Å"In the past, children were all too often viewed more as property than people. Many victories for children's rights have been won in the last 100 years, such as child labor laws, protecting children from having to work long hours in unsafe conditions; p ublic education, allowing all children to have access to learning; and laws preventing child abuse.But there is still much to do in protecting children's rights around the world. † — Robert Alan Silverstein — National Views: 1. â€Å"Now is the time to act – for the future of our generation. The question of child abuse is crucial, we call on the general public to join hands with us. † — Boonthan Verawongse –South-East Asia Coordinator for the Global March, Malaysia 18 February,1998 2. â€Å"It’s very important for businesses to understand while they are providing employment to the families†¦ that they also have a responsibility to the families and the children who are born of those parents† — Victor Karunan –Voicing Their Thoughts: 1. This is our right – that (adults) have to listen. This is children's rights. And if they are not abiding with that right, we will work harder to make them hear. â⠂¬  — Om Prakash –November 19, 2006 2. â€Å"We want to study and learn, not beg on the streets. During the worldwide march I learnt that I, too, am a real person. Now I want to become an engineer. † — Basu –11 years old Nepalese street child, Thailand 14 February,1998 3. â€Å"Why do we have to pay the price of poverty. We didn't create poverty, adults did. † — Sultana –12 years old garment factory worker, Bangladesh 14 February,1998.Conclusion In conclusion, I disagree that overpopulation is the main cause of child labour because I think that a corrupt government in the country contributes most to it. A country’s availability of resources and a? airs like poverty rates are all managed by the government. If the government was e? ective, then the poverty rate will be lower and decrease but a corrupted government will only cause the country to become even poorer, hence increasing the cases of child labour. Governments pl ay a major role in eradicating poverty and stopping child labour as the impacts of the continuation of child labour will be devastating.As we all know, the future lies in the hands of the children and child labour only causes the increase in the illiteracy rate and this is not something good if we are to lead the country in the future. However, governments are not the only one responsible of this current issue and businesses and the society needs to help stop it. Businesses should make sure they don’t employ them at a low costs and we as normal citizens need to be careful not to encourage child labour by buying products that involves child labour. Many things have been done to help stop child labour and many laws have been implemented and enforced.At this rate, I believe that child labour can be stopped someday and children will be given back their rights if everybody contributes a little to help them. Resources: 1. http://www. eclt. org/about-child-labour/child-labour-standa rds 2. http://jordan. thebeehive. org/en/content/1515/2936 3. http://nchildlabour. info/HTML/Intro/CAUSES%20AND%20SOCIAL%20IMPACT%20OF %20CHILD%20LABOUR. htm 4. h t t p : / / c o n c o r d i a . a c a d e m i a . e d u / G i a c o m o J a c k M a g g i o r e / P a p e r s / 3 6 3 2 4 3 / The_Dark_Exploration_into_the_Reality_behind_the_Third_World_Labor_Market_A_docum ent_on_Child_Labor 5. http://www. imeslive. co. za/local/2011/08/05/child-labour-being-ignored 6. http://www. ilo. org/global/topics/child-labour/lang–en/index. htm 7. http://www. irinnews. org/Report/32259/TANZANIA-Child-labour-common-in-Zanzibar 8. http://library. thinkquest. org/03oct/01908/800/whydoesitoccur_childlabor. htm 9. http://anujagarwal. hubpages. com/hub/Cause-and-effects-of-Child-Labour 10. http://sukritha. hubpages. com/hub/ChildLabourStillExist 11. http://www. betterworld. net/quotes/children-quotes. htm 12. http://www. unicef. org/infobycountry/malaysia_61973. html 13. http://www. un. org/cyber schoolbus/humanrights/resources/plainchild. asp

Traffic Redundancy Elimination Solutions in Cloud Computing

1.1Background Work: Cloud calculating offer it’s clients an economical and convenient pay-as-you-go examine theoretical account, known besides as use based pricing.Cloud clients pay merely for the existent usage of calculating resources, storage, and bandwidth, harmonizing to their changing demands, using the cloud’s scalable and elastic computational capabilities.In peculiar, informations transportation costs is an of import issue when seeking to minimise costs. Consequently, cloud clients, using a wise usage of the cloud’s resources, are motivated to utilize assorted traffic decrease techniques, in peculiar traffic redundancy riddance, for cut downing bandwidth costs. I refer as cloud clients to organisation that send abroad services to the cloud, and as users to the end-users and devices that consume the services. Traffic redundancy stems from general end-users behaviour, such as often accessing, downloading, uploading, distributing, and modifying the same or similar in sequence points ( paperss, informations, web, and picture ) . Traffic Redundancy remotion is used to extinguish the transmittal of excess content and, hence, to well cut down the web cost. In most common Traffic Redundancy Elimination solutions, both the starter and the receiver inspect and evaluate signatures of informations balls, parsed harmonizing to the informations pleased, past to their plan.when outmoded balls are detected, the starter replaces the plan of each excess ball with its strong signature. profitable Traffic Redundancy Elimination solutions are well-liked at undertaking webs, and occupy the ingestion of two or more proprietary-protocol, province corresponding middle-boxes at both the intranet entry points of information centres and subdivision offices, extinguishing cyclical traffic between them. While proprietary middle-boxes are well-liked point solutions within endeavors, they are non as gorgeous in a cloud location. Cloud suppliers can non profit from a engineering whose end is to cut down client bandwidth measures, and therefore are non likely to put in one. The rise of on-demand work infinites, garnering suites, and work-from-home solutions detaches the workers from their offices. In such a active work state of affairs, fixed-point solutions that need a client-side and a server-side middle-box brace become unsuccessful. On the other manus, cloud-side snap motivates work sharing among waiters and migration among informations enters. Therefore, it is often agreed that a cosmopolitan, software-based, end-to-end Traffic Redundancy Elimination is important in today’s permeant environment.This enables the usage of a standard protocol stack and makes a Traffic Redundancy Elimination within end-to-end secured traffic possible. Current end-to-end Traffic Redundancy Elimination solutions are sender-based. In the instance where the cloud waiter is the transmitter, these solutions require that the waiter continuously maintain clients’ position. We show here that cloud snap calls for a new Traffic Redundancy Elimination solution. First, cloud burden reconciliation and power optimisations may take to a server-side procedure and informations migration environment, in which Traffic Redundancy Elimination solutions that require full synchronism between the waiter and the client are difficult to carry through or may lose efficiency due to lost synchronism. Second, the popularity of rich media that consume high bandwidth motivates content distribution web ( cdn ) solutions, in which the service point or fixed and nomadic users may alter dynamically harmonizing to the comparative service point locations and tonss. Furthermore, if an end-to-end solution is employed, its extra computational and storage costs at the cloud side should be weighed against its bandwidth economy additions. Clearly, a Traffic Redundancy Elimination solution that puts most of its computational attempt on the cloud side2may bend to be less cost-efficient than the 1 that leverages the combined client-side capablenesss. Given an end-to-end solution, I have found through our experiments that sender-based end-to-end Traffic Redundancy Elimination solutions add a considerable burden to the waiters, which may eliminate the cloud cost salvaging addressed by the Traffic Redundancy Elimination in the first topographic point. Our experiments further show that current end-to-end solutions besides suffer from the demand to keep end-to-end synchronism that may ensue in debauched Traffic Redundancy Elimination efficiency. In this paper, I present a fresh receiver-based end-to-end Traffic Redundancy Elimination solution that relies on the power of anticipations to extinguish Redundant traffic between the cloud and its end-users. In this solution, each receiving system observes the entrance traffic redundancy riddance am and attempts to fit its balls with a antecedently received ball concatenation or a ball concatenation of a local file. Using the long-run chunks’ metadata information kept locally, the receiving system sends to the waiter anticipations that include chunks’ signatures and easy-to-verify intimations of the sender’s hereafter informations. The transmitter foremost examines the intimation and performs the Traffic Redundancy Elimination operation merely on a hint-match. The intent of this process is to avoid the expensive Traffic Redundancy Elimination calculation At the dispatcher side in the absence of traffic redundancy. When redundancy is detected. The transmitter so sends to the receiver merely the acks to the anticipations, alternatively of directing the information. On the receiver side, we propose a new computationally frivolous unitization ( fingerprinting ) strategy termed battalion unitization. Pack unitization is a new for rabin fingerprinting conventionally used by rhenium applications. Experiments show that our attack can make informations treating velocities over 3 gb/s, at least 20 % faster than rabin fingerprinting. Offloading the computational attempt from the cloud to a big group of clients signifiers a burden distribution action, as each client processes merely its Traffic Redundancy Elimination portion. The receiver-based Traffic Redundancy Elimination solution addresses mobility jobs common to quasi-mobile desktop laptops computational environments. One of them is cloud snap due to which the waiters are dynamically relocated around the federated cloud, therefore doing clients to interact with multiple altering waiters. Another belongings is ip kineticss, which compel rolling users to often alter information science references. In add-on to the receiver-based operation, we besides suggest a intercrossed attack, which allows a battery-powered nomadic device to switch the Traffic Redundancy Elimination calculation overhead back to the cloud by triping a sender-based end-to-end Traffic Redundancy Elimination similar to to formalize the receiver-based Traffic Redundancy Elimination construct, we implemented, tested, and performed realistic experiments with battalion within a cloud environment. Our experiments show a cloud cost lessening achieved at a logical client effort while deriving extra bandwidth nest eggs at the client side. The execution codification, over 25 000 lines of degree Celsius and Java, can be obtained from our execution utilizes the transmission control protocol options field, back uping all tcp-based applications such as web, picture straffic redundancy riddance aming, p2p, e-mail, etc.

Argintina

Religon Historically, the Catholic religion played a very important part in politics and law. Before changes were made to the Constitution in 1994, the two top leaders of Argentina had to be Roman Catholic. Today, although officially 90% of Argentinians are Roman Catholic, fewer than 20% attend church regularly. Most go for weddings, funerals and major feast days. Many Argentinians make annual pilgrimages to holy sites and local shrines. The most popular place is LuJ ¤n, 65 km west of Buenos Aires. Each year, thousands of people make the pilgrimage on foot from Buenos Aires to onour the Patron Saint of Argentina, the Virgin of LuJ ¤n.According to tradition, in 1620 a statue of the Virgin was being carried from town to town in a cart. The cart got stuck at LuJ ¤n, Buenos Aires Province, and could not be moved. The people built a chapel for the Virgin to protect the statue. Today there is a large basilica where the chapel once stood. Did you know? Buenos Aires has the second larg est Jewish population (300,000) in the Americas after New York. Most provinces and cities have a patron saint. In the northern Salta province, people make pilgrimages to honour â€Å"Our Lord of the Miracles† on September 15.In 1592, a statue of Jesus Christ was washed up out of sea and was carried inland to the Salta City. This statue, the people of Salta believe, has saved them from earthquakes and other dangers. During the fiesta, people parade through the streets of Salta City carrying the statue of Jesus Christ. Another important pilgrimage site is Itati, in Corrientes Province on the Parana River, where people honour the Virgin of Itati every July 16. The statue of the Virgin was carved by a Guarani artist. Although the Constitution states that the federal government is Roman Catholic, it also guarantees freedom of religion for all.Argentina has many Jews and Muslims, as well as members of Russian, Greek and Syrian Orthodox churches and Protestant denominations. Some in digenous people follow the customs of the Catholic Church, others have kept their traditional beliefs. Many of the Colla people in the northwestern provinces of Salta and Jujuy attend Catholic churches and also follow traditional forms of worship. In Catamarca province, there is an annual festival to honour Pachamama, who represents mother earth. 3. language Although Argentina's official language is Spanish, Argentinian Spanish is different rom the Spanish spoken in Spain.In some ways it sounds more like Italian than Spanish. There are also many other languages spoken in Argentina, including Italian, Mapuche, Guarani, Aymara, Toba and Quechua. Did you know? In the Chubut Valley in Patagonia there is a Welsh settlement founded in 1865. For four generations, the settlers spoke Welsh, but the language is now dying out in this area. You can distinguish Argentinians from other Latin Americans by their use of â€Å"che†. It comes from the language used by the Mapuche and means â₠¬Å"man. † It is used as people in Canada might say, â€Å"hey† or â€Å"you know† or â€Å"eh.For example, an Argentinian might say, â€Å"Che, veni† (â€Å"Hey you, come here†) to get someone's attention. Another important difference between the Argentinean way of speaking Spanish and the Spanish spoken in Spain is the use of â€Å"vos† instead of â€Å"tu† (you ) and a very strong pronunciation of â€Å"y† and â€Å"II† as â€Å"sh†. A special slang, called lunfardo, originated in the slum neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires in the late 19th century. Today most Argentinians are familiar with at least a few words of lunfardo. Lunfardo contains elements of Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and other languages, but with a distinctive wist.One of the most common ways to change a word is to reverse the syllables. For example, in lunfardo, â€Å"tango† becomes â€Å"gotan. † Argentinians love to discuss two topics , sports (especially f?tbol) and politics. Most people have strong opinions on these subjects and will discuss them with a passion. It is not unusual to find several conversations going on at once at a social gathering. 4. Education Education is highly valued in Argentinian society. The Argentine National Council of Education sets a standard curriculum that is followed by schools throughout the ountry, because it is believed that a national education system promotes unity.Kindergarten is optional for children aged four and five. Mandatory education begins at age six and ends at fourteen. Public primary schools are free, but there are no public school buses and students must buy their own books and uniforms. The uniforms look like white laboratory coats and are worn over regular clothes. Private schools are often sponsored by churches or organizations and charge tuition fees. For children with special needs, there are separate programs. Did you know?The Nobel prizes have been awarded to five Argentinians: Carlos Saavedra Lamas (1936) and Adolfo P ©rez Esquivel (1980) for peace, Bernardo Houssay (1947) for medicine, Luis Federico Leloir (1970) for chemistry and C ©sar Milstein (1984) for biology. school between 1 p. m. and 5 p. m. When students arrive, they raise the flag and sing the national anthem. During each session, they get three breaks of 10 minutes each for recess. In rural areas, some children go to school on horseback. Some large estancias have their own one-room schoolhouse for children living on the ranch.Unless students need to work full-time to help their families, they may continue their education at secondary school. Those who want to go to university must attend secondary school for at least five years and take the bachillerato (baccalaureat) exam. Commercial and vocational schools are available for those who want careers in commerce, agriculture, fashion or technical occupations such as automotive mechanics. Schoolteachers are trained in a n escuela normal (teachers' college). People who leave school to work may return when they are in their twenties to finish their secondary school studies.Night classes are also available for those who work during the day. Argentina has about 50 universities. About half are public and tuition is free. The others are Catholic or private universities that charge fees. The University of Buenos Aires is the largest university in South America, with 140,000 students. The oldest university in Argentina is Cordoba, founded by the Spanish in 5. Culture The earliest inhabitants of Argentina were nomadic tribes of hunter-gatherers, who had fought the Incas and lived simply until the arrival of Europeans in the 1 500's. The first Spanish settlement was Santa Fe in 1573.Buenos Aires was founded seven years later. At first the Spanish were unenthusiastic by the lack of gold and silver. Later they realized the potential of Argentina to supply food and animals to the cities in Peru and Bolivia. Hug e areas of land estancias were given to settlers, and the Indians worked under a forced-labour system. After Napoleon's invasion of Spain, the country was left to fend for itself and began to foster a growing sense of independence, the Creoles (native-born) population even fought off British invaders. Following Napoleon's defeat the Spanish attempted to seize their colonies back.By 1816, the eep division between Argentina and its mother country had become quite evident, and a party of separatists decided to declare the country's independence. One of the new patriots, Jose de San Martin, crossed the Andes to achieve independence for Chile and then headed to Peru to free Lima from the Spanish domain. Along with Simon Bolivar, Martin is credited with breaking off Spanish rule. The cattle ranchers became wealthy; and one of them Rosas, became a despotic leader and during his 20 year reign of terror many of the indigenous tribes were wiped out.This trend continued as sheep were introduce d and needed more land. During the 19th century, the British invested heavily in the opening up of the country by railways. A middle class evolved and industrialization advanced during World War II. The which had violent opponents and charismatic leaders such as Peron and his second wife Evita. During the 1970's a repressive government fought a war against left-wing guerrillas and as a distraction occupied the Falklands (Malvinas) in 1982. Thatcher's British forces defeated General Galtieri's conscripts and the Junta came to an end.The re-introduction of democracy was the best result of the war. The 21st has seen a evere blow to the Argentine economy, and in two months the presidency changed five times. The current president is seeking a way to strengthen the once great country. Tourism is being promoted as a way to gain foreign currency. There has never been a better time to vist the country. Argentina's culture has been greatly affected by its immigrant population, mostly European . Sadly they contributed to the demise of native cultures. The European immigrant groups each adopted different roles.The Basque and Irish controlled sheep rearing, the Germans and Italians established farms, and the British invested in developing the infra-structure. More than one-third of the country's 32 million people live in Buenos Aires, the capital, which along with other urban areas accounts for almost 90% of the total population. The main indigenous peoples are the Quechua of the northwest and the Mapuche in Patagonia. Other can be found in the Chaco and the northeast. There are strong Jewish and Anglo-Argentine communities throughout the country; plus Japanese, Chileans and Bolivians; and pockets of Paraguayan and Uruguayan residents.The universal language of Argentina is Spanish, but many natives and immigrants keep their mother tongues as a matter of pride. In Buenos Aires a city slang called lunfardo is used. Argentina has religious freedom, although the official religi on is Roman Catholic. All over Argentina fine handicrafts can be found. The gauchos produce silver buckled belts, spurs, stirrups and the mate gourds from which they drink their mate through a silver straw. The indigenous groups produce wood carvings, weavings and textiles such as ponchos.Argentina is one of the few South American countries with a thriving cinema and TV industry. Since the end of dictatorship and military rule the arts have flourished. Tango is the quintessential music and dance of Argentina, but ther folkloric traditions persist. There is even a home-grown rock music industry. The Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires is reputed to be one of the best and most outstanding theatres in the world. One cannot omit the national obsession with football but motor racing and polo also form part of the national psyche.Fiestas & holidays The main holiday period is January to March (when the schools are closed), one should book along time ahead during this period. Easter and July are a lso busy times. The 10 November Dia de La Tradicion are like a gaucho games, with displays, music, and plenty of asado meat. The following is a selection of the special regional events occurring annually in Argentina: January Sea Festival, Mar del Plata; Jineteada (breaking in horses) and Folklore Festival, Diamante, Prov. Entre Rios; Chaya Doma (breaking in horses) and Folklore Festival, Intendente Alvear, Prov. La Pampa; Folklore Festival, Cosquin, Prov.Cordoba. February Carnival, especially interesting in Gualeguaychu in the Province of Entre Rios and Ituzaingo in Corrientes; Pachamama (Mother Earth) Festival, Amaicha del Valle, Prov. Tucuman; Trout Fishing Festival, Rio Grande. February-March Festival of Tango, Buenos Aires March Grape Harvest Festival, Mendoza. March-April Holy Week, Salta; Festival of Our Lady Del Valle, Catamarca. July Poncho Week, Catamarca; Simoca Fair, Simoca, Prov. Tucuman; Santiago Week, Santiago del Estero; Dorado Fishing Competition, Formosa. August Sn ow Festival, Rio Turbio, Prov. Santa Cruz; Jujuy Week, Jujuy; Dorado Festival, Posadas, Prov.Misiones; Snow Festival, Bariloche. September Chamam © Music Festival, Corrientes; Agriculture Festival, Esperanza, Prov. Santa F © October Fiesta de la Cerveza (beer festival), Villa General Belgrano; Festival of Tango, Buenos Aires November Sea Salmon Fishing Contest, Comodoro Rivadavia; Tradition Week (gaucho shows), San Antonio de Areco. December Gaucho Festival, Gral. Madaria, Prov. Buenos Aires; Trout Festival, San Junin de los Andes, Prov. Neuqu ©n. Argentina's economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but the industrial and service sectors have also grown in importance in recent years.Livestock (cattle and sheep) and grains have long been the bulwark of its wealth; its cattle herds are among the world's finest. As an exporter of wheat, corn, flax, oats, beef, mutton, hides, and wool, Argentina rivals the United States, Canada, and Australia. Its other agricultural pr oducts include oilseeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, and tobacco. Argentina is the world's largest source of tannin and linseed oil. The Pampa is the nation's chief agricultural area; however, since the 1930s there has been a great rise in production in other areas, especially in the oases of the Monte and the irrigated valleys of N Patagonia.Although Argentina has a variety of minerals, they are of local importance and are not completely adequate to support the country's industries. Domestic oil and gas production has made the nation self-sufficient in energy; ipelines connect the oil and gas fields with Buenos Aires and other major refining centers. Argentina also exploits its ample hydroelectric resources. The large coal field of S Patagonia has low-grade coal. Food processing (in particular meatpacking, flour milling, and canning) is the chief manufacturing industry; motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals, petrochemicals, and steel are also major products.Argentina's principal import s are machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, metals, plastics, and other manufactured goods. The chief trading partners are Brazil, the United States, China, and Chile. Argentina is a member of Mercosur. In recent decades Argentina has experienced both inflation and recession. Privatization and other economic reforms begun by President Menem in the early 1990s produced unprecedented economic growth, but significant economic problems remained, including high unemployment and a massive national debt (due to freehanded government spending and widespread tax evasion).The economy was hurt by Brazil's recession and currency devaluation in the late 1990s, but the pegging of the peso to the dollar combined with Argentina's own economic problems resulted in economic collapse in 2001. The economy did not begin to grow strongly again until 2003. The ancestors of most Argentineans of today originally came from Spain and Italy, with smaller percentages coming from other European nations and Middl e-Eastern countries. The country also has a Jewish population of about 350,000, the fifth-largest in the world, and a similar number of Syrian Lebanese people.There are some indigenous communities that live in the northeast areas of Argentina and in the Patagonian region. Argentina has recently received an important intake of immigration from neighbouring countries, mainly Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia and Uruguay. The immigration from Per? is also significant. Gaucho is a traditional word meaning country man of South America from Indian and Spanish descent. Till the beginning of this century, there were gauchos in Argentina who spent their days working and riding their horses around the large â€Å"estancias†(similar to Australian stations), and looking after cattle that roamed the Pampas.Gauchos often featured as heroes in last-century poems, stories and folkloric songs. Food way to eat beef is the â€Å"asado† (barbecued beef ribs), whereas whole sides of beef or kid may be spit roasted for large gatherings. Also popular are â€Å"empanadas† which are crescent-shaped pies usually filled with meat or corn, and â€Å"Locro,† a type of stew made with corn, beans, potatoes and peppers. The national drink is â€Å"mate† (pronounced mat-A), a green tea made from the leaves of â€Å"yerba mate†, a national herb. Clothing City people dress in garments similar to those worn by Australians.Rural workers may wear the traditional gaucho clothing: a wide brimmed hat, a poncho, and a loose pair of trousers tucked into boots. Economy Primary Industry Argentina is rich in natural resources with a geological and climatic situation articularly suitable for developing forestry, agriculture, mining and fisheries. It also boasts of large petroleum, gas and uranium reserves. Agriculture: Argentina is famous for its agricultural production. With over 54 million head of cattle, Argentina's beef is renowned around the world.Annual production of cereals and oilseeds exceeds 70 million tonnes, which makes Argentina one of the main exporters of these products and their derivatives. One of the country's largest sheep grazing regions, which is also one of the largest regions for growing fruit and vegetables, is found in Patagonia, in the south. The typical farms associated with this production are surprisingly similar to those found in Australia. Mendoza on the western border is the centre of wine production. Argentina is the worlds fifth-largest producer of wine.Most Argentineans drink wine with every meal, a traditional custom introduced by the European immigration. Exports are continually growing, Mining: The Andean Mountains provide Argentina with rich mineral deposits. Some of the minerals which are being mined at present are, copper, tin, lead, zinc, gold, silver, and uranium. The main exploitation of copper and gold, Minera de la Alumbrera, in the Province of Catamarca, is an Australian venture. Gas and Oil: are importan t resources being increasingly exported to the neighbouring countries and to the world market. Together with mining products they make out for 15% of total exports.Top Manufacturing Sector The industrial sector includes manufacturing and construction. Among Argentina's manufactured goods are processed food, textiles, clothing, metallic and non-metallic mineral products, wood products, paper, pharmaceutical products, chemicals and petrochemical products, aluminium, steel, cars, electrical machinery and appliances, achine tools, turbines, cranes, agriculture machinery, and space and nuclear products. Construction, engineering and consultancy activities have developed to an important stage, extending to the Latin-American market and other countries.Top Transport Land: Public transport includes buses, railways and subways. Most of Argentina's goods are transported by truck although railways are becoming increasingly important in the transportation of domestic cargo. Air: The most widely -known national airline is Aerolineas Argentinas which has been operating for more than 60 years. It covers nearly all the domestic routes and has also an important continental and inter-continental network. There are also other private airlines that have been between Sydney and Buenos Aires, with a short stopover in Auckland, New Zealand.Water: There are numerous coastal and international ocean and river companies that offer freight or passenger transport. Several Ocean Lines serve the route between Australian and Argentinean ports. Top Communications Postal and telecommunications services are run by private enterprises which have been operating in free competition since the beginning of 2000. The first post office opened in 1814. Satellite tracking stations and digital technology provide domestic and international telephone communications linked to every country in the world. There are about 40 television stations and 200 radio stations in Argentina.Export Argentina's exports, whi ch reached 30 billion $1JS in 2003, are composed of 24% primary agricultural commodities, 13% fuels and minerals, 36% processed agricultural products and foodstuffs, and 27% industrial products. 7. People (ethnic backgrounds) Argentines have a reputation in South America for being arrogant. In my experience they have a well deserved reason for national pride. Argentina is the 8th largest country in the world, stretching from deserts at the Bolivian border, to tropical jungles at Iquazu Fallsto the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere – Mt.Aconcagua, a 22,831 foot extinct volcano – to a Darwinian paradise, Tierra del Fuego,Just 600 miles from the Antarctic continent – see Maps of the Argentine provinces. Its history spans the millennia from the greatest age of the dinosaurs, the magnificent Inca Empire, the golden age of Spanish Imperialism and the stablishment of the third wealthiest democracy in the Western hemisphere. Despite American commentators who st ress that â€Å"†¦ Argentina is an economic basket case†¦ † due to the mercurial whims of political and economic elites – a situation to which no nation has ever had an immunity – I find no evidence of â€Å"national depression. What I experience is a thriving society that is aware of the insecurity of economic good times but in love with life. The buzz of Buenos Aires's Manhattan with an Italian awareness of the present – fathers and mothers with young children on their arms, professionals onducting business in a sidewalk caf ©, small shops selling AR$60,OOO chinchilla fur bedspreads (US$18,OOO), food markets offering only organically raised poultry – they don't say it's organic, it Just is – and thousands of people at the weekend Feria de Mataderos.Two hour lunch breaks are the norm. Restaurants, which normally don't open for dinner until 9:00 pm, are not full until 1 1 pm. A true â€Å"porteno† (native born resident of Buenos Aires) will have a distinct Italian lilt to their Spanish and say â€Å"ciao,† not â€Å"adios,† when saying â€Å"good-bye. † Cordoba is Old Spain – the intellectual eart of the nation. It's a city of eight universities, and the birthplace of the Jesuit philosophy of the social contract between rulers and the ruled – which is still in lively national debate.The Inca Empire still touchesSaltaSalta the Beautiful, as it's justifiably known, bears the splendor of Colonial monuments, with archaeological proof of thriving indigenous cultures and the reality of street children eager to shine your shoes. Indigenous language communities founded 6,000 years ago are very much alive in the rugged, semi-arid yet stunning landscape of theAndean orld class vintages using irrigation technology first perfected by indigenous people over 3,000 years ago. Argentine vineyards are the highest in the world – up to 5,000 feet – with 350 days of warm sunshine.TheArgentine Mesopotamiais a floating land of Jungles, massive rivers, the incomparable Iguazu Falls, splendid cities, mate plantations, magnificent ruins and giant, delicious fish. Patagonia,the vast region that conjures visions of another reality, is another reality. Welsh, German, English, French, Spanish, Eastern Europeans and indigenous cultures thrive on the Atlantic and Andean edges of this land. The long Atlantic coast is home to internationally protected wildlife sites, fishing villages and modern petroleum shipping ports.The flat sparse interior is dotted by multi-thousand acre estancias (ranches), many of which have been owned by the original families for generations, with millions of sheep and a few gauchos. Welsh villages, the first European settlements in Patagonia, are complete with trim, vine covered cottages, pocket gardens and afternoon tea. In the Andean west, are the finest ski resorts and fruit growing lands in South America. 8. Family/culture There is no typical Argentinian family. Family life differs according to many factors, such as religion, region, ethnic background and income.Traditionally, fathers were considered the head of the family, mothers were in charge of the household, and young married couples lived with their parents in quarters built onto the house. Now, most Argentinians believe that women have the right to a career as well as marriage and family. Some families have hired help to do domestic chores. Young married couples usually find a place of their own rather than living with parents. Did you know? In Buenos Aires, a cosmopolitan city of over 13 million residents, there is a saying that a Porteno â€Å"speaks Spanish, eats Italian, dresses like a Frenchman and thinks he is an Englishman. Sixty percent of Argentinians own their homes and often build additional rooms rather than moving to larger houses. Most Argentinians live and work in urban areas. About a third of the population lives in and around Buenos Aires. In small cities and the suburbs, people live in single- family homes, but in Buenos Aires, most people live in apartment buildings. The apartments have modern facilities, but rent and electricity are very expensive. Rent can take a large portion of monthly earnings for some families.Housing construction has not kept pace with the number of Job seekers heading into the cities. The housing shortage has resulted in the growth of villas miserias, shacks made of pieces of wood, tin and other materials found by residents. There is no running water, sewage system or electricity in these areas, and the residents often suffer health problems because of contaminated water. There are still large farms or estancias in Gauchos, who wear the traditional baggy pants and flat-topped hat, still work on ome cattle ranches.In Patagonia the estancias may be sheep ranches. In other areas, the estancias may have vineyards, orchards or fields of grain. Some very large estancias are like little vill ages, with their own chapels and schools. Sometimes the wife and children of the owner live in the city while the children are at school. The 300,000 indigenous people in Argentina live in small rural communities or in the cities. One important group is the Wichi, who live in the marshy area near the river Pilcomayo in the north of the country and Mapuche in the Neuqu ©n province.Although many indigenous Argentinians have preserved their traditional way of life, others have adopted a more European lifestyle 9. Government Argentina has seen some interesting events in respect to government and politics (too detailed to elaborate on as part of this article, but certainly worth further research if you are interested) and following a period of military dictatorship which ended in 1983, Argentina returned to the 1853 Constitution which was further amended in 1994. Government in Argentina is now operated via a representative, republican federal system which is similar to the federal syst em in the USA.The government in Argentina is formed of two separate legislative branches which are executive and bicameral and of these two houses, the Senate has 72 seats and the Chamber of Deputies has 257 seats. Argentina is further divided into a Federal Capital (the City of Buenos Aires) and 23 Provinces. The Federal Government of Argentina is lead by the President. Until the change to Constitution in 1994 (referred to above), it was necessary that the President be a Roman Catholic. Changes to the Constitution also permitted the reelection of the President for a further 4 year period as opposed to the original 6 year period.Each Province within Argentina has its own Governor, Chamber of Deputies and Senate. The Federal Capital in Buenos Aires, has an elected Mayor allowing for self government. The balancing of power in the government of Argentina is not straightforward. The primary reason for this being that 70% of the population falls under the remit of the Federal Capital and the provinces of Santa Fe, Buenos Aires and Cordoba. Consequently they are able to provide a powerful counterweight to the Federal government, particularly if they are controlled by the opposition.In respects to Political Parties in Argentina, the spectrum of parties is broad and diverse and at least 20 parties are represented in the Congreso. Local parties have considerable power within some of the provinces. The Sapag familys Partido Popular Neuquino in Neuquen for example has driven some of Argentina's most progressive social policies. A recent concern for the government in Argentina is the lack of interest that the younger generation take in government and politics and their resulting voting apathy. No doubt however, the same concern exists for a significant number of countries. 10. Pastime activites

Help Desk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Help Desk - Essay Example Otherwise you risk sending the customer away. Mobile email and broadband solutions, as well as collaboration tools like web video conferencing enable businesses of all sizes to remain professionally operational at all times. They give you the freedom to work in the way that you need to from any number of locations, so you can respond to colleagues and customers in the way that suits you, and them, best. And now with hosted services available, it’s even easier to stay in-touch as there’s no initial investment or expensive IT infrastructure to maintain as this can all be managed by a service provider on your behalf. In research, Vertex, a customer service company in the UK, found that customer response time should be between two and four hours. It should be long enough to address the query properly and to respond with enough detail but its also short enough not to result in a follow-up email asking, ‘Did you get my first email?’ A large international information hosting company is documented for its customer-friendly approach and fast response times. It’s no answer machines and no voicemail: customers will get straight through to the can work on resolution their problems. It claims to answer â€Å"99.4 per cent of support calls with real folks among 5 seconds†. These days over hr of Fortune one thousand companies2 commit to establish on-line communities by 2010 and to deliver client service social networking retailers. However, the key issue to recollect is that theres no purpose in having or developing contact channels if you are doing not perpetually monitor them and use them to reply back to customers. Many corporations area unit currently interacting with customers via mobile applications that build transactions quicker and less complicated, nonetheless still personalized. As an example, in the UK, Ocado3, a grocery delivery company, helps you to

Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Worksheet - Essay Example nd help is called upon then crew that participate in the kill gets to claim the carcass, the crew that offers help can place additional harpoons or tie onto the first boat to help serve as a drogue. When it comes to sharing the catch, there is a systematic way of distribution, the crew that captures the prey gets whole share, the second crew gets the corporate share and lastly the reaming portion goes to craftsmen who may be from the same clan or other clans. The distribution is done in this manner due to the efforts put by each haunting crew. Alvard uses a line graph to present his data, form the line graph one can tell that Lamalera has been on the decline as times goes by. Marlowe’s hypothesis states that male partner is not partly mating effort, only that it is not wholly mating then this would mean that parental care given to biological child to get special care than the stepchild, direct parental care are the basic needs that one ought to have such as holdings, nursing among others whereas indirect care are the needs that one ought to have to make life worth living and examples are territorial defense, resource acquisition and much more. In direct care, biological fathers tend to interact more with their offspring, they spend much time together with the child and also provide enough food which is essential to a child’s growth. On the other hand indirect care shows how the step father does not spend much time and the division of household stuff is despicable, the communication between man and child is also minimal, finally the stepchild does not receive nurturing care just like the biological child gets. The difference in indirect care is that the man provides parental care in exchange of sexual access, the mother is likely to nurse for longer in this situation. Men earns the reputation of being good hunters hence thy get positive correlated when it comes to reproductive success, having more wives correlate with less investment one’s but one’s own

International Operational And Logistical Strategies Assignment

International Operational And Logistical Strategies - Assignment Example Globalization of trade has meant that there is an increasing need to build capacities within the firm to handle the increased competition. There has been a significant increase in the number of business organizations while the rate of growth of managerial skills and talents has not grown concomitantly. In addition to the competition for markets, there has been a competition for the highly skilled employees in the global job market leading to shortages and ‘brain drain’ in several parts of the globe (Andriopoulos & Dawson, 2009). This is more often through the economies of production and the increase in personal capacity. The objective in the latter has emerged as a new field in management referred to as talent management and development. The aim of talent management is to build better capacities within the firm’s employees so as to facilitate better and efficient products as well as ensure there is succession within the organization providing the stability that is necessary for the long-term growth of the organization generally and the career growth and actualization of its employees.Consequently, capacity planning is an emergent area of interest whose importance can be seen in at least three basic functions as highlighted above which when ignored foretells the collapse of the business in our view. The team members have apportioned parts of the topic and which they were required through every second-day meetings to update the whole team/group on. The final draft was, therefore, a comprehensively researched and discussed paper that reflected the overall full participation of the members on the task. Supply Chain Game Supply chain management is a method of capacity planning. The study of supply chain management reveals two crucial views: Firstly, that the vast majority of processed commodities that reach the final consumer represent the cumulative efforts of all organizations within the organization i.e. these multiple organizations form the l ink that is referred to as a supply chain.  

ASEAN a vision of economic integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ASEAN a vision of economic integration - Essay Example In as much as ASEAN is a regional economic powerhouse, the organization has a number of challenges, and these challenges include disputes amongst its members concerning the South China Sea maritime region. Experts in international relations claim that ASEAN lacks the necessary diplomatic coherence, and its member countries have different strategic priorities, and this makes it difficult for the alliance to make any meaningful negotiation with China, which is responsible for creating animosity in the region, with its claim of various territories. This has resulted in the creation of diplomatic tensions within the region (Jones, 2012). In as much as this territorial tension arises, ASEAN is a useful ally of United States. The United States on most occasions uses the alliance to expand its influence into the region, and to limit the influence of China into the region. Cooperation between United States and ASEAN has been strengthened, through the treaty referred to as Amity and Cooperation. This treaty allows the United States to attend any summit sponsored by ASEAN, and creates an annual U.S-ASEAN summit (Blizkovsky, 2013). This paper argues that ASEAN plays a great role in promoting economic integration within the region. In defending this thesis, the researcher will use the three levels of analysis that are used to analyze relations amongst the states in International relations (Blizkovsky, 2013). The three levels of analysis are individual, domestic, and systematic levels of analysis (Dunne, Kurki and Smith, 2010). The individual level of analysis involves the analysis of the character traits of individual leaders, and those responsible for making policies within a given state (Dunne, Kurki and Smith, 2010). This level focuses on the human actors in the international relations, and their process of making decisions. For example, the World War 1 is attributed to the personal character of Kaiser Wilhelm II (Dunne, Kurki and Smith, 2010).

Open Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open Office - Essay Example This project eliminates the helping wizards like in Microsoft office and introduces with a new feature that may be somewhat helps in the styles of the document. The best feature of this Open Office is that it maintains the database in form of bibliography, which later helps in referencing or finding some extra resources for notes. Being a writer Mike Magee emphasizes about the feature comparable to Microsoft Word in Open Office in his article. He after his reviews on different word processors like the Byzantine Wordstar, Lotus Manuscript, Xywrite, Gem First Word Plus and many more including different innumerable Microsoft word processors he prefer Open Office Word Processor. He encloses that Open Office Word Processor by default gives many feature for the document that may be changed and saved as a template document, later all other documents may customize with respect to all favorite style document user saved. The software may read all the Microsoft extensions i.e., .rtf, .txt, etc and may produce HTML files as well. He as a writer likes Open Office as it allows him to switch all the auto options, like auto spell-check, auto sense, auto sniff, auto quotes etc, easily. Moreover, he switches off the option that change his word Icons in OO icons. Open Office is an open source software and are available free on Internet. There are two kind of software, one is open source software and the other is proprietary software. The open source software is found free or for very low cost on Internet or on Compact Disks with their source code for the use. However, proprietary software is same but their code is only with developers or sometimes with the good hackers. Microsoft Explorer is the best example for preprimary software. This software is designed for some particular issues, as developers are not the users and though it lacks with the features and sometimes don't allow enhancing. Contrary to this, open source software holds the source code and can be modified by the user according to its own requirements. Briefing a little more about the proprietary software, that to eliminate bugs and have new functionalities user has to wait for the new version and developers work for this on extra money, despite open source totally oppose it an d though use more cause its bug fixations are continuous and features release are regular to the user to use. Moreover, developers work for open source by volunteering themselves for free to specialize and earn name where as all proprietary software are part of business trade-offs. And though it may conclude that due to open source in hand, user is more flexible with open source rather than proprietary software. Open Source Software is famous and efficient cause their source code is in the hand of user and can modify to respective requirements. Source Code actually is a set of instructions or programs compiled together to run software. Or in other words, source code is the set of statements that is readable to human but not computers and to make computer understand that language it is compiled and changed into machine language. This set of statements seems to be nothing else than a document of text but values whole software. A little change in a text of doc may not allow software to run perfectly and though these source codes of different software are kept out of reach from the users who don't have any idea about computer languages. There are

Austrian Political Discourse Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Austrian Political Discourse - Case Study Example Since it was torn down in Austria there was adjustment that had to be made. It is important to know that politicians and the media were ecstatic about the changes yet they were not totally prepared for the changes, both good and bad, that would manifest in the future. Armed with wire-cutters, Austria's Foreign Minister Alois Mock was shown doing his part--literally as well as symbolically--to open the border between Austria and Hungary. 1 The end of 1989 witnessed the success of the Rumanian "revolution," and the fall of eastern European Stalinist regimes (or the death of Marxism, according to taste) was everywhere exuberantly acclaimed. As the first waves of refugees and immigrants seeking asylum and work made their way westward, however, this enthusiasm soon dampened.2 By the end of 1989 many changes had occurred. Included was the fall of eastern European Stalinist regimes. Other significant events that resulted from the fall of the wall were the success of the Rumanian "revolution," and the demise of Marxism, according to taste. 3 Many things of significance politically ensued he fall of the wall Power became an issue when these paramount events took placer. Racism also became a significant factor. Shortly after the fall of the wall in 1989 refugees and immigrants seeking both work and asylum began making their... The influx of immigrants set the basis for fight for power in the new found freedom. As well the large amounts of immigrants seeking new found freedom in the west set the stage for problem with racism and one of the new arenas for this was Austria. They became known as" political" and "economic" refugees. They elided rather quickly to these new parts. .Without a doubt, the patronizing acceptance in Austria of political refugees from Communist eastern Europe seems to have disguised more profound ethnic conflict towards these groups of immigrants. . The uncertainties of this new political configuration in Europe occasioned the emergence in Austrian public life of xenophobic discourses, fed by and couched in the terms of social anxiety. Those who even a few months previously would have been largely welcomed as heroic refugees from tyrannical regimes, suddenly became socially more threatening "economic immigrants," "spirit and salami merchants," "criminals," etc., too lazy and selfish to remain in their countries and solve their own problems. 3 3 van Dijk, Teun. 1985. Prejudice in Discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins. An indication of the political implications of this transformation was given in the campaign preceding the 1990 elections to the Austrian National Assembly. Confronted by the obvious success which the Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei sterreichs, or FP), seconded in its effort by the Neue Kronen Zeitung, the largest selling newspaper in Austria, was registering with its more or less explicit appeals to these ethnic hostilities, politicians from the mainstream Social Democratic Party (SP) and the Christian democratic Austrian People's Party (VP) quickly accommodated their own electoral strategies and general political

Levels of Judiciary Essay Example for Free

Levels of Judiciary Essay The Judiciary body in India functions independently from the Executive and Legislative bodies in the country. The Judiciary plays a major role in the maintenance of law and order in India. There are various levels of Judiciary bodies that play a key role in ensuring smooth functioning of the judicial system in India. Levels of Judiciary As per decreasing order of importance, the different levels of Judiciary bodies that operate in India have been listed below. * The Supreme Court of India * The High Courts * The District Courts * Lok Adalats The Judiciary system followed in India is a replica of the British Legal System. Over the years, very few modifications have been made to the Indian judicial system. The Supreme Court The Supreme Court, the highest judicial system in India, came into existence on 28th January, 1950. The Chief Justice of India heads the Supreme Court. The maximum number of judges that the Supreme Court can have, apart from the Chief Justice, is 25. Some of the important roles and responsibilities of the Supreme Court of India include: * Protector of the Indian Constitution * Highest Court of Appeal The High Courts The High Courts exist in almost all the Indian states and Union Territories. Out of the 19 High Courts that function in India, the oldest one is the  Calcutta High Court. The High Court judges are elected by the President of India. The High Courts are authorised to handle all kinds of civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Court controls the activities of the High Courts in India. The District Courts District level, judicial matters are referred to the District Courts in India. Administrative and judicial affairs of the District Courts are taken care of by the state High Court. Tribunals Tribunals in India also have a critical judiciary role to play in India. Some of the important tribunals that operate in the country have been listed below. * Income Tax Appellate Tribunal * Intellectual Property Appellate Tribunal, Chennai * Appellate Tribunal for Electricity * Debts Recovery Tribunal II, Chennai * Debt Recovery Tribunal, Coimbatore * Central Administrative Tribunal * Railways Claims Tribunal * Debts Recovery Tribunal I, Chennai * Central Excise Service Tax Appellate Tribunal

The Impact Of Globalisation On Chile

The Impact Of Globalisation On Chile Chiles economy is ranked as an upper middle income developing economy by the World Bank, and is one of South Americas most stable and successful nations, leading Latin American nations in human development, income per capita, competitiveness, economic freedom, globalisation, and low perception of corruption (ranked 21 CPI). However, it has high economic inequality, as measured by the Gini index. Chile has a population of approximately 17.1 million people and has a total land area of 756,950km2(38th). Chile has high living standards (ranking 39th in the world) and a solid foundation for growth, despite employment shortages, with a Gross National Income per capita of $US 9,470 in 2010 (in purchasing parity terms, which accounts for exchange rate effects). Chile has been one of the fastest growing economies since the mid-1980s. During the past 20 years -the period following the return of democracy in 1990- the economy has averaged almost 4.1% annual per capita growth, raising per capita income for the 17 million Chileans to more than $7,000, making them among the most well-off people in South America, and creating a flourishing middle class. Per capita income has doubled in real terms and the comparative income gap between Chile and high-income OECD countries has decreased substantially. Today, only 18.7% of the population lives below the poverty line, compared, for example, with 38.7% in Brazil and 62.4% in Bolivia. At this pace, Chile will become Latin Americas most prosperous nation. The government of Chile is a structure of a democratic republic, where the President of Chile is both head of state and head of government. Chiles legal system is civil law based. Chiles current Constitution was approved in a national referendum in September 1980, under the military government of Dictator Augusto Pinochet. For the duration of the Pinochet government, Chile moved out of economic statism to adopt a free market economy, which encouraged an increase in foreign and domestic investment. Following Pinochets power in the 1988, the country was ready to continue with a referendum; and as a result the Constitution was amended to ease requirements for future amendments to the Constitution. From the time of the return of democracy in 1990, Chile has been committed to proceeding economic reforms, a transparent public administration, proactive social investments, and a stable, consensus-based government. In March 2010, Coalition for Change candidate HE Mr Sebastian Pià ±era was elected president, putting an ending to twenty years of rule by the Consertacià ³n political movement. The current president attained office after the worst tidal wave and earthquake in Chiles history. In response to the emergency, the governments plan prioritised reconstruction during the first part of Pià ±eras term. Chiles economy is based on the export of minerals, which account for more than one-fourth of GDP, with commodities making up approximately three-quarters of total exports. Copper is the nations most valuable resource providing alone one-third of government revenue. Chile is the worlds largest producer of copper. The major mining company based in Chile is BHP-Billiton, holding a 57.5 per cent stake of the worlds largest copper mine, Escondida, located in northern Chile. Additionally agriculture is the main employment industry of about 15% of the population; accounting for about 6% of Chiles national wealth, and producing less than half of household wants. The Coastal valleys of Chile are the countrys primary agricultural area; its vineyards are the basis of Chiles wine industry *(Chile is the worlds fifth largest exporter of wine and the eighth largest producer). Grapes, apples, pears, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, onions, beans, and asparagus are the most grown and harvested crops. Livestock production includes poultry and beef. Sheep farming is the leading pastoral occupation, providing meat and wool for domestic use and for export. Lumbering and fishing are also important economic activities. Chiles industries largely process its raw materials and manufacture a range of consumer goods. The main products are copper and other minerals, iron and steel, fish, processed food, transportation equipment, textiles, and wood and wood products. The dependence of the Chilean economy on copper prices and the production of an adequate food supply are two of Chiles major economic problems. Chiles main imports are petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas, and electrical and telecommunications equipment. The primary trading partners of Chile are the United States, China, Brazil, Argentina, and South Korea. Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeSource: Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeAustralian Government: Department of foreign affairs and trade: Chile Country brief 2011 Factors that may inhibit ongoing development in Chile While Chilean salmon and cabernet (red wine grapes) have achieved global success, copper alone still accounts for 46% of all exports; and this is one main challenge Chile faces, there is a need to diversify its copper-dependent economy, for commodities have never been able to absorb the entire workforce, and service industries have not developed satisfactorily to make up the gap. As a result, Chile, the worlds leading producer of copper, felt the impact of the global economic crisis as export markets contracted. Low external demand had weakened industrial production, raising unemployment and reducing investment. It is evident, even with growth of 6% to 6.5% GDP in 2011, due to the vast demand from China for Chilean copper, unemployment is wedged at 8.6%. Amongst people under the age of 24, the rate is virtually three times higher, in part because of firm labour laws that make part-time jobs scarce. But employers also mention a skills deficit. Spending on education, at 4.2% of gross domestic product, lags behind the 8.1% Malaysia spends, for example, or the 6.4% Finland budgets. Currently, the level of education of Chiles labour force is consistent with the countrys level of income. However, there is evidence that the quality of education is not as good as the countrys high enrolment rates would suggest. Furthermore the curriculum also must be modernized to include more science, math and reasoning skills (speaking English) needed in the workplace. In the latest World Competitiveness Yearbook, compiled by the International Institute for Management Development, Chile ranked low at 41st among 60 nations on the quality of its science education. In summary, it is clear that the quality of education in Chile is low, but this may be the result either of inefficient education expenditure, or of high income inequality, or both. More research needs to be done to separate these effects. Estimates suggest that increasing the quality of education can offer quite a large boost to economic growth. Lastly, it is important to point out that the payoffs of improving quality of education take time to deliver significant results. The children that today could receive good education will be a large proportion of the labour force in about 20 more years. For this reason is important to also look for improving abilities of people already in the labour force through training programs. However, despite these lags on the effects of education, improving its quality is a powerful tool for equalizing opportunities, and for integrating poor families to the benefits of economic progress. Although Chile has keenly invested in social protection programs, middle- and low-income households remain susceptible to crises. Despite the significant improvement recorded over the past 20 years, public services and infrastructure are still out of reach for many Chileans. Furthermore, Inequality remains high in Chile. Despite considerable improvements in living standards in 2009, 15.1 percent of Chileans live below the poverty line while many millions survive unsteadily just above it. The annual income for the most of Chileans remains low. Income distribution is one of the most uneven in the world and there are few favourable circumstances for growing social mobility. Also little progress has been made in ensuring the equal distribution of wealth and the closure of income gaps. Despite strong economic growth and specific policies such as Chile solidarity, the income ratio among the highest and lowest incomes remained mostly unchanged between 1990 and 2009. The 20/20 ratio shows that the average income of the wealthiest 20 percent of Chileans was 12 times larger than that of the poorest 20 percent in 2009. The Gini Coefficient continued to be persistently high in 2009, at approximately 0.53, where the 10 percent of households with the highest income re ceived 46 percent of total income while the 20 percent with the lowest income received just 3.7 percent. Over all, although Chile does have a high level of inequality, Chile has largely avoided the distortions that often hamper growth in countries with similar levels of inequality. However, other understanding shows that the trade-off between efficiency and inequality is ever-present in public policy and cannot be avoided. An example is the minimum wage. Finally, growth itself helps in the implementation of good policies. Inequality is only one aspect of a countrys living conditions, and in a country with a fairly unchanged income distribution from 1998 to 2008, a period of doubling income per capita is also a period of doubling of the incomes of the poor. Indeed, the poverty rate in Chile declined over this period, from 45 percent of the population to 19 percent. This has allowed public policy to focus on easing poverty without creating significant distortions in economic growth. Although a countrys income distribution changes slowly, and no recipe for dramatic change in the distribution is available, growth can reduce the distortions that inequality imposes on policies and institutions. Additionally Chile must also redouble efforts to acquire foreign investment, which lately has been floating around $3 billion a year. The current governments efforts to lure cutting-edge industries, such as biotechnology and software, have tumbled, somewhat because the government refuses to offer the types of generous tax incentives that lured Intel Corporation (INTC ) to Argentina and Costa Rica. Chile has had more success with companies such as Eastman Kodak (EK ), Delta Air Lines (DAL ), and Unilever, which have established regional back-office operations and call centres in Santiago, tapping its modern, low-cost telecommunications infrastructure. More over for inspiration and ideas, Chile is looking to the efficient economies of New Zealand, Finland, Ireland, and Malaysia. Chiles congress recently permitted a special tax on mining profits earned as a result of current record-high prices and will feed the proceeds (around $US175 million) to researchers and companies developing and innovating technologies or processes that will diversify exports and boost productivity and efficiency. A public-private committee will select only projects that could be commercially profitable. The problem being that Chile has always had a low level of RD expenditure, and the increase since 2001 has been small compared with the East Asian countries, and even compared with the world average. The most recent data from the OECD show that Chile, with RD expenditure of 0.6 percent of GDP, spends less on RD than the average of a sample of developing countries (0.7 percent of GDP). Also the composition of RD in Chile is very different from what one typically finds in the rest of the world, which raises the question of whether that composition is efficient. In 2005 about 55 percent of Chilean RD expenditure was in basic science, as opposed to applied research. In the industrialized countries and in the East Asian countries, this share is generally between 10 and 20 percent. Nevertheless, Chile should try to increase its RD expenditure, and the additional spending should be devoted mainly to applied RD. Increased spending on RD would surely help the country grow faster. Finally the first trading partners a country should have are its neighbours. Distance, language, and culture should be the basis for integration into the world economy. Even when neighbouring Economies have similar structures; intra-industry trade can help to increase the basis for trade. Unfortunately, intraregional trade in Chile and Latin America is low and although it has increased in recent years, it remains comparatively low. Recent trade disputes such as the problems over natural gas with Argentina and Bolivia, have affected the Chilean economy. http://www.algor.com/news_pub/cust_app/marco/Truck%2021.jpghttp://www.flavourofwines.com/Grapes.jpghttp://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/326047/326047,1232551720,5/stock-photo-specific-architecture-where-poor-people-live-in-th-chile-mountains-in-valparaiso-23672302.jpg Q 3 Examine the impact and responses of this Economy undertaken by the government or specific industries to the challengers and/or opportunities presented by globalisation https://worldgeopost07.wikispaces.com/file/view/chile2.gif/31650489/chile2.gif Describe Provide characteristics and features Analyse Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate implications Examine Inquire into http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nLiQ3vcW5CgJ:web.worldbank.org http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/chile.html#ixzz1KOclJ2In Chile: Economy Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857288.html#ixzz1JwAjQkzx

Thomas Mores Utopia Analysis

Thomas Mores Utopia Analysis THESIS: In this essay, we will analyze Utopias role in the common laws, the religious freedoms, and dystopia/utopia similarities throughout Mores literature. Introduction Imagine you are a sailor, sailing the vast emptiness of the ocean. To your dismay, the storm thrashes waves against your boat. You find yourself on the island of Thomas Mores Utopia Some facts about Thomas More Common Law / Commonplace / Customs The commons in Thomas Mores Utopia are drastically different from the society in which he lived. Thus, More spent most of his lifetime scrutinizing and paying considerable amounts of attention to the Englands common place and common law. Utopia and England have a few additional odd similarities worth mentioning. Religious Freedoms More wanted to unite his Catholic church. He based Utopia solely on rational principle. More designed Utopian religious freedom as a model for Europe. Dystopia or utopia Each member of Mores Utopia is cared for; however, todays generation finds the uniformity unappealing. Ralphael contradicts extreme punishments in Utopia Clear class system on the island Conclusion A. To conclude, Utopia explores ideas of common law, religious freedom, and has similarities to a dystopian society rather than Utopian. Thomas Mores Utopia Imagine you are a sailor, sailing the vast emptiness of the ocean. During your travels, you come across a storm on the horizon that at first poses no threat to you. To your dismay, the storm thrashes waves against your boat and you struggle to hold your bearings. The storm grows stronger; suddenly, you drift off into unconsciousness. When you awake, you are on an island. There are people on this island and they graciously take you in. Shockingly, they are incredibly hospitable. The people begin to tell you where you are and how their society functions. All the people are dressed almost identical and they all have a purpose and a function in their society. This island is Thomas Mores ideal fictional society, Utopia. Thomas More was not the first person to write about a Utopian society, but he did coin the term utopia which means not place in Greek. Utopia was written in Latin and published in 1516. It is said to be Thomas Mores most influential work. Mores utopian society had complete employment, the citizens are not fixated on money, and are tolerant towards others in the community (Forward). In this essay, we will analyze Utopias role in the common laws, the religious freedoms, and dystopia/utopia similarities throughout Mores literature. First, Thomas more claims that the commons (a shared system or political space whose authority is constituted by its actual commonality) in his imagined society is fundamentally diverse from the society that he lived in and the tradition in which he wrote. More copes with the established notions of commonality in his book, Utopia. Common law was on the rise and was Englands dominant legal form during the 1500s. Thus, More spent most of his lifetime scrutinizing and paying considerable amounts of attention to Englands common law. The Utopian customs include: a system of housing and city planning, a method of senatorial deliberation, a mode of dress, a manner of dining, travel practices, pre-marital courtships, garden growing, and chicken hatching. Evoking the peculiarity of the English legal system, Utopia accepts customs importance in shaping human behavior and Utopian commonwealth. (Elsky) Furthermore, More makes it clear that Utopia is meant to be his ideal vision for England. Both societies are governed by a binding force of law. Every member of these societies is required to obey the laws and face punishment if they contravene. Utopia and England have a few additional odd similarities worth mentioning as well. For instance, England and Utopia are both islands. The capital of Utopia is Amaurotum, which has a river that passes through it. This river has identical tides and bridges to the Thames river in England. England and Utopia are governed by custom. In England, common law is that custom. Unlike common law, Utopian custom offers a means of dominating other nations. Utopia is outside the realm of commonplace; thus it exports its customs carelessly. (Elsky) Secondly, Thomas More wanted to unify his Catholic church. He promoted civic peace by supporting religious freedom in his literature. More developed a plan that would manage church-state relations. This plan became a predecessor to liberal methods. As presented in Utopia, religious freedom today has Catholic, Renaissance roots. Rational principles were the foundation of Utopia. Religious freedom for Christians was favored by More when he was writing Utopia. Utopian religious freedom was designed to serve as a model for Europe. Utopus, the founder of Utopia, was doubtful of claims made to religious orthodoxy. After he seized power, he banned all religious-political conflict. He banned politically dangerous forms of religion. He required all Utopians to follow religions that promoted virtue. This limited religious freedom made Utopia a morally united society that was also spiritually diverse. Utopuss efforts made Utopia a society completely free of religiously inspired violence. Utopia stands in the shadow of communism causing most scholars to fail in appreciating Utopian religious freedom. (Kesser) To continue, Mores Utopia is meant to be a perfect civilization and yet there are countless contradictions and unjust rules on the island. Each member of Mores Utopia is cared for; however, todays generation finds the uniformity unappealing. An average day in Utopia is set up on a ridged schedule with bedtime at 8 p.m. Community members are given one article of clothing every 2 years; consequently, Fashion does not exist and eliminates a major form of self-expression. Atheists are despised on the island yet there is allegedly religious tolerance. Furthermore, Utopians are obligated to obtain a special passport to travel within their own country, but do not have complete freedom to travel. (Forward) On occasion, there is an alarming, somewhat unsettling note: There are also no wine-taverns, no ale-houses, no brothels, no opportunities for seduction, no secret meeting places. Everyone has his eye on you, so youre practically forced to get on with your job, and make some proper use of your spare time (More 65). The main character in Utopia is a man named Raphael. He believes the treatment of thieves in England is harsh; On the other hand, he was accepting of the extreme punishments Utopia had for adultery. Society in Utopia is dominated by males, and it is a husbands responsibility to insure proper discipline of his wife. Every month wives must confess to their husbands. Taking a rather regimented approach, the state interferes in courtship and marriage. Boys cannot marry until they are 22, while girls can marry as early as 18. Every member of the society must view their chosen partner nude before making the decision to marry. Utopians are a monogamous people and thus uphold the idea that it is necessary to choose an appropriate spouse. According to the Utopians, there is equality in Utopia. Reading Utopia one can see that this is not the case. There is a clear class system on the island with a hierarchy of priest, mayors, and diplomats all from a specific class. The Utopians use slaves to perform lowly task and must work in chain gangs. Slavery is usually used as punishment for serious crimes. Utopians pay mercenaries to fight for them during times of war. Often, they hire foreign armies called Venalians and sadly, the Utopians send many Venalians to their deaths without a care. They rationalize by saying, If only they could wipe the filthy scum off the face of the earth completely, theyd be doing the human race a very good turn (More 113). They disapprove of war, except in self-defense or when helping to end oppression. (Forward) To close, Utopia explores ideas of common law, religious freedom, and has similarities to a dystopian society rather than Utopian. Common law in Mores work is comparable to Englands customs. Religious freedom is present, but suppressed as well. Some may say the utopian society did become a dystopian society with further analysis. It is important to note that the issues discussed in Mores text are still relevant to modern-day readers and he addressed some extremely complex topics in a constructive manner. Works Cited Elsky, Stephanie. Common Law And The Commonplace In Thomas Mores Utopia.. English Literary Renaissance 43.2 (2013): 181-210. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Jan. 2017. Forward, Stephanie. A taste of paradise: Thomas Mores Utopia. The English Review, vol. 11, no. 4, 2001, p. 24. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPSsw=wu=avl_nshov=2.1id=GALE%7CA79981415it=rasid=1738af1f731801e1f0d51de4e455e0cc. Accessed 25 Jan. 2017. Kessler, Sanford. Religious Freedom In Thomas Mores Utopia. Review Of Politics 64.2 (2002): 207. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Jan. 2017. More, Thomas, and Paul Turner. Utopia. London: Penguin Books, 1965. Print.

Solomon Essay -- essays research papers

The biblical account of Solomon’s reign contains criticisms; these criticisms illustrate the date of the narrative. Solomon was looked upon as a ruler of peace and welfare. He inherited his throne at a young age from King David. The land he inherited in 970 BC, Israel, ran all along the Mediterranean in the west, up to the Euphrates River in the north, and down all the way to the desert in the south and east.(George Konig, 68) Solomon did not expand his territory any further; rather he built alliances with surrounding countries and developed trade. The traditional powers of the ancient world, the Egyptians and the Hittites, and the empires yet to appear, Assyria and Babylon, were not aggressive during either David’s or Solomon’s rule.(George Konig, 68) David had expanded Israel’s sphere of influence by war; Solomon was a diplomat, who held what his father had gained. During Solomon’s reign, Israel’s wealth and power diminished. Solomonâ€⠄¢s broad-mindedness weakened Israel’s wealth and power. (Anderson, 241) Solomon wrote thousands of proverbs and songs and he is commonly known for his wisdom. His proverbs and songs were what made him known as man of peace and kindness. He however, soon did not stay true to his own writing, his life became promiscuous and materialistic. "Every part of the book bears the mark of foreign influences ... The close connection between the first part of the Thirty Sayings with Egyptian Wisdom ... is only a special instance."(J.C. Rylaarsdam, 444) The gift Solomon requests is the wisdom to govern well. Yahweh is so pleased that he gives Solomon more than he has asked for: he will receive unparalleled wisdom (v. 12) and, with it, wealth and fame (v. 13). The story of Solomon’s dream has been expanded editorially by the insertion of certain materials lacking in the parallel version of the event in 2 Chron. 1:3-13, which seems to have escaped Deuteronomistic editing. Thus, 1 Kings 3:6 has been elaborated to connect Solomon’s succession to David’s throne with the dynastic promise in 2 Samuel 7; 1 Kings 3:14 has been added to qualify Yahweh’s promise; and v. 15 has been altered to shift the place of sacrifice from Gibeon to Jerusalem. (1988) In Judgment of Solomon the account of the divine gift of wisdom is followed by an example of its practical application. The sagacity with which Solomon arbitra... ...ve much to live on and their ruler was wrapped up in his own life and in making himself happy. It was a time when the monarchy was being weakened by the monarch. Solomon was criticized for not being like his father, a great military King. Work Cited A.S. Herbert. Ruth. Black & Rowley Editors. Peake’s Commentary on the Bible. Routledge Co. Ltd. 1962. B.W. Anderson. Understanding the Old Testament. Fourth Edition. (Upper Saddle River, NJ.)1986. Konig, G. Solomon (King): About Bible Prophecy. 2001-2005. Solomon. 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Kings (books of Bible). 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The Reign of King Solomon. 2005. http://www.medialdea.net/historyguy80538/kingsolreign.htm